Introduction As the shift to responsible investing continues to accelerate, company ESG ratings are becoming more widely accepted as a useful metric for capturing long-term value creation and ethical performance. Increasingly, investors understand that environmental, social, and governance (ESG)

Introduction Sustainable investing has become a core principle of modern portfolio management, and it is no longer limited to niche markets. Adverse product screening plays a critical role in this shift by helping investors exclude companies involved in controversial industries such as tobacco,